Tagalog:Verbs

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Tagalog verbs have a quite complex conjugation, at least in proper Tagalog. Tagalog verbs can be divided up into two main categories: Actor Focus and Object Focus.

Contents

Actor Focus Verbs

Actor Focus verbs are self-explanatory, as they focus on the actor.

-um- verbs

The -um- verbs are actor focus verbs that deal with internal actions. The main thing this varies is the nouns and pronouns that go along with it. Wikipedia does a good job of organizing the system, so I will use a modified system similar to there's to explain the conjugation.

For these conjugations, you need to know that:
C = first consonant of the root (if there is one)
V = first vowel of the root
- = the letters after the C and the V in the root

For example, the root kain means "eat". Hence, kain broken down would be CV-, where - is the "in" part of kain.

Here's a general table of the "code" of how the verbs are conjugated as well a few examples

-UM- VERBS
Root Infinitive Present Past Recent Past Future English
Definition
CV- CumV- CumVCV- CumV- kaCVCV- CVCV-
alis umalis umaalis umalis kaaalis aalis to depart
bili bumili bumibili bumili kabibili bibili to buy
dating dumating dumadating dumating kadadating dadating to arrive
inom uminom umiinom uminom kaiinom iinom to drink
langoy lumangoy lumalangoy lumangoy kalalangoy lalangoy to swim
kain kumain kumakain kumain kakakain kakain to eat
order umorder umoorder umorder kaoorder oorder to order

Grammar Notes: Notice how the infinitive and the past tense are conjugated the same. They are not always conjugated the same way, but for this type of verb, they are.

mag- verbs

The mag- verbs are another type of actor focus verbs. They deal with external actions.

Here are a few of the mag- verbs:

MAG- VERBS
Root Infinitive Present Past Recent Past Future English
Definition
CV- magCV- nagCVCV- nagCV- kaCVCV- magCVCV-
aral mag-aral nag-aaral nag-aral kaaaral mag-aaral to study
hintay maghintay naghihintay naghintay kahihintay maghihintay to wait
hugas maghugas naghuhugas naghugas kahuhugas maghuhugas to wash
laro maglaro naglalaro naglaro kalalaro maglalaro to play
linis maglinis naglilinis naglinis kalilinis maglilinis to clean
punta magpunta nagpupunta nagpunta kapupunta magpupunta to go
turo magturo nagtuturo nagturo katuturo magtuturo to teach

ma- verbs

The ma- verbs are the third type of actor focus verbs. They deal with actions that cannot have an object. They are conjugated the same way as the mag- verbs. The ma- verbs can be tricky to use, so it's best to practice them a lot.

Here are a few of the ma- verbs:

MA- VERBS
Root Infinitive Present Past Recent Past Future English
Definition
CV- maCV- naCVCV- naCV- kaCVCV- maCVCV-
bali mabali nababali nabali kababali mababali to break
dinig marinig naririnig narinig karirinig maririnig to hear
gising magising nagigising nagising kagigising magigising to wake up
gutom magutom nagugutom nagutom kagugutom magugutom to be hungry
ligo maligo naliligo naligo kaliligo maliligo to take a bath
tulog matulog natutulog natulog katutulog matutulog to sleep
wala mawala nawawala nawala kawawala mawawala to lose something

Grammar Notes: There is a general rule that, if the previous letter is a vowel, the next letter will be an r. If a consonant, it'll be a d.

mang- verbs

The mang- verbs are the fourth type of actor focus verbs. They deal with actions that are directed at a specific object, yet still focus on the actor.

The most common mang- verb, by far, is mangyari. Here is how it is conjugated:

MANG- VERB
Root Infinitive Present Past Recent Past Future English
Definition
CV- mangCV- nangCVCV- nangCV- kaCVCV- mangCVCV-
yari mangyari nangyayari nangyari kayayari mangyayari to happen

Grammar Notes: The noun form of mangyari, which means "happening", is pangyayari.

Object Focus Verbs

Object Focus verbs focus on the object, yet treat it as if they are the actor. Conversely, they treat the actor as the object.

-in verbs

The -in verbs deal with objects moving towards the actor, objects that experience a permanent change, and objects that are thought of.

Here is a list of a few common -in verbs:

-IN VERBS
Root Infinitive Present Past Recent Past Future English
Definition
CV- CV-(h)in CinVCV- CinV- kaCVCV- CVCV-(h)in
basa basahin binabasa binasa kababasa babasahin to read something
gamit gamitin ginagamit ginamit kagagamit gagamitin to use something
gawa gawin ginagawin ginawin kagagawa gagawin to do something
hintay hintayin hinihintay hinintay kahihintay hihintayin to wait for something, someone
inom inumin iniinom ininom kaiinom iinumin to drink something
isip isipin iniisip inisip kaiisip iisipin to think about something, someone
kain kainin kinakain kinain kakakain kakainin to eat something
luto lutuin niluluto niluto kaluluto lulutuin to cook something

Grammar Notes: Notice how the past tense of lutuin is niluto, not linuto. Also, the present tense is niluluto instead of linuluto. This is because, for many verb roots that start with l- or y- and some that start with h-, the first letter of the root and the "n" switch places.

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Introduction · Sounds and Writing · Numbers · Pronouns · Verbs · Lexicon
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