Syriac:Sounds and Writing
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Syriac |
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| Semitic | Eastern Aramaic |  Syria |
Estrangelo Jacobite Nestorian |
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Contents |
Consonants
Note: Since I have not become entirely accustomed to the Syriac keyboard yet, each of these letters is in its final form and will look different at the beginning and middle of a word. I am using the Nestorian script.
The Syriac Letters
| Letter | Pronunciation | Name |
|---|---|---|
| ܐ | [ʔ] ' | Alap |
| ܒ | [b] b | Bet |
| ܓ | [g] g | Gimel |
| ܕ | [d] d | Daled |
| ܗ | [h] h | Heh |
| ܘ | [w] w | Waw |
| ܙ | [z] z | Zayin |
| ܚ | [ħ] ch | Chet |
| ܛ | [tˁ] t | Tet |
| ܝ | [j] y | Yod |
| ܟ | [k] k | Kaf |
| ܠ | [l] l | Lamed |
| ܡ | [m] m | Mem |
| ܢ | [n] n | Nun |
| ܣ | [s] s | Semkat |
| ܥ | [ʕ] ' | Ayin |
| ܦ | p [p] | Pey |
| ܨ | [sˁ] tz | Tzadi |
| ܩ | [q] q | Qof |
| ܪ | [ʁ] r | Resh |
| ܫ | [ʃ] sh | Shin |
| ܬ | [t] t | Tav |
Vowels
Consonants
Remember, the Syriac row goes right to left so the leftmost letter of the Syriac row is the equivalent of the rightmost letter in the Latin row.
| Place of articulation → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial & labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular & pharyngeal | ||
| Manner of articulation ↓ | ||||||||
| Nasal | m ܡ | n ܢ | ||||||
| Plosive | p b ܦ ܒ | t tˁ d ܬ ܛ | k g ܟ ܓ | q ܩ | ʔ ܐ | |||
| Fricative | f v ܦ ܒ | θ ð ܬ ܕ | s sˁ z ܣ ܨ ܙ | ʃ ܫ | x ɣ ܟ ܓ | ħ ʕ ܚ ܥ | h ܗ | |
| Approximant | j ܝ | w ܘ | ||||||
| Trill | r ܪ | |||||||
| Lateral | l ɬ ܠ | |||||||
These sounds were represented by 22 letters as follows:
| pronunciation | notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| ܐ | aleph | ʔ | |
| ܒ | bet | b | b is only pronounced /b/ when it's not following a vowel, otherwise it becomes /v/ |
| ܓ | gimel | g | g is only pronounced /g/ when it's not following a vowel, otherwise it becomes /ɣ/ |
| ܕ | dalet | d | d is only pronounced /d/ when it's not following a vowel, otherwise it becomes /ð/ |
| ܗ | he | h | |
| ܘ | waw | w | after the vowels u or o, like in Arabic this letter was used to lengthen the vowel. |
| ܙ | zayin | z | |
| ܚ | cheit | ħ | |
| ܛ | tet | tˁ | |
| ܝ | yud | j | after the vowel i yud was used to lengthen the vowel. |
| ܟ | kaf | k | k is only pronounced /k/ when it's not following a vowel, otherwise it becomes /x/ |
| ܠ | lamed | l | |
| ܡ | mem | m | |
| ܢ | nun | n | |
| ܣ | semkat | s | |
| ܥ | ayin | ʕ | |
| ܦ | peh | p | p is only pronounced /p/ when it's not following a vowel, otherwise it becomes /f/ |
| ܨ | tzade | sˁ | |
| ܩ | qof | q | |
| ܪ | resh | r | |
| ܫ | shin | ʃ | |
| ܬ | tav | t | t is only pronounced /t/ when it's not following a vowel, otherwise it becomes /θ/ |
| Syriac pages
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| Introduction · Pronouns · Sounds and Writing |
