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Swedish |
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| Indo-European | Northern Germanic |  Sweden ,  Finland |
Extended Latin | |
This page will discuss pronouns in Swedish. Both common and neuter below refer to what we would call it in English (only it depends on the gender of the noun), while masculine is him and feminine is her.
Personal Pronouns
The personal pronouns in Swedish only have two cases, Nominative and Accusative. There are both singular and plural distinctions as well as distinction between feminine and masculine third person. The personal pronouns are as below.
| Subject | Pronunciation | Object | Pronunciation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | jag | /jɑː/ | mig | /meɪ/ /mɛɪ/ |
| 2sg | du | /dʉː/ | dig | /deɪ/ /dɛɪ/ |
| 3sg neuter | det | /deː/ /dɛː/ | det | /deː/ /dɛː/ |
| 3sg common | den | /denː/ /dɛnː/ | den | /denː/ /dɛnː/ |
| 3sg feminine | hon | /hʊnː/ | henne | /ˈhenːˌɛ/ /ˈhɛnːˌɛ/ |
| 3sg masculine | han | /hanː/ | honom | /ˈhɔnːˌɔm/ |
| 1pl | vi | /viː/ | oss | /ɔsː/ |
| 2pl | ni | /niː/ | er | /eːr/ |
| 3pl | de | /dɔmː/ | dem | /dɔmː/ |
Dig and mig are sometimes colloquially written dej and mej respectively, while de and dem can be both written as dom.
Possessive Pronouns
The possessive pronouns you use, depends on the plurality or the gender of the object being possessed.
| Common | Neuter | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | min | mitt | mina |
| 2sg | din | ditt | dina |
| 3sg neuter | dess1 | ||
| 3sg common | dess2 | ||
| 3sg masculine | hans | ||
| 3sg feminine | hennes | ||
| 1pl | vår | vårt | våra |
| 2pl | er | ert | era |
| 3pl | deras | ||
- Note 1: Often "dets" in spoken Swedish.
- Note 2: Often "dens" in spoken Swedish.
Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns are those things like "this", "that", "those", "those over there" etc. In Swedish they look like this:
| Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Common | Neuter | Common | Neuter | |
| Proximal | den här / denna this | det här / detta this | de här / dessa these | |
| Medial | den där that | det där that | de där those | |
Den här, det här and de här require any noun that follows to be in its definite form. They are the most commonly used forms in spoken and informal Swedish, while denna, detta and dessa are generally seen as more formal.
Den där, det där, de här also require any following noun to be in its definite form.
Examples:
- Den här hyllan är grön.
Denna hylla är grön.
This shelf is green.
Det här huset är mitt.
Detta hus är mitt.
This house is mine.
Jag måste köpa de här böckerna innan nästa termin har börjat.
Jag måste köpa dessa böcker innan nästa termin har börjat.
I have to buy these books before the next term has started.
Den där hunden tillhör mina föräldrar.
That dog belong to my parents.
Det där spelet var roligt.
That game was fun.
Jag vill ha de där skjortorna.
I want those shirts.
- The green above indicates the definite or plural definite suffixes which must be used in accordance with the demonstrative pronouns.
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| Introduction (Inledning) · Adjectives (Adjektiv) · Gender (Genus) · Pronouns (Pronomen) · Syntax · Verbs (Verb) · Vocabulary (Ordförråd) |
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