From WikiLang
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Mari |
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| Uralic | Mari |  Marij El ( ) |
Modified Cyrillic | |
This page describes Mari verbs.
Contents |
Infinitives
The Mari infinitives always end in -аш (or яш for those verb stems which end in й). Some example verbs are listed below:
| to learn | тунемаш tunemaš | to teach | туныкташ tunəktvaš | to go | кошташ koštaš |
| to leave | каяш kajaš | to live | илаш ilaš | to reach | шуаш šuaš |
Classes
There are two classes. These are I and II. Class I verbs are often referred to as -ам verbs, while Class II can be called -ем verbs.
Tenses
Like in many languages - especially Uralic languages - verbs conjugate by person.
Non-past
The non-past tense (present AND future) is formed from the verb stem (infinitive minus -аш) plus the following suffixes. An example of both Class I and Class II verbs are given.
| Person | Ending (I) | Ending (II) | кошташ -> кошт- (I) | илаш -> ил- (II) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 sg | -ам | -ем | коштам koštam | илем ilem |
| 2 sg | -ат | -ет | коштат koštat | илет ilet |
| 3sg | -еш | -а | коштеш košteš | ила ila |
| 1pl | -ына | -ена | коштына koštəna | илена ilena |
| 2pl | -ыда | -еда | коштыда koštəda | иледа ileda |
| 3pl | -ыт | -ат | коштыт koštət | илат ilat |
Simple past
The simple past tense (present AND future) is formed from the verb stem (infinitive minus -аш) plus the following suffixes. An example of both Class I and Class II verbs are given.
| Person | Ending (I) | Ending (II) | кошташ -> кошт- (I) | илаш -> ил- (II) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 sg | -ым | -(ы)шым2 | коштым koštəm | илышым iləšəm |
| 2 sg | -ыч | -(ы)шыч2 | коштыч koštəč | илышыч iləšəč |
| 3sg | -о/-е/-ӧ1 | -(ы)ш2 | кошто košto | илыш iləš |
| 1pl | -на | -(ы)шна2 | коштна koštna | илышна iləšna |
| 2pl | -да | -(ы)шда2 | коштда koštda | илышда iləšda |
| 3pl | -ыч | -(ы)шт2 | коштыч koštəč | илышт iləšt |
'Note 1: This depends on vowel harmony of stressed vowel: if о or у, then -о; if ö or ӱ, then -ö; else е
Note 2: The final vowel of the stem must change to -ы
| Mari pages
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| Introduction · Pronouns · Verbs |
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| N/A |  Erzya · Mari · Moksha
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