From WikiLang
|
Japanese |
||||
| Japonic | Japanese |  Japan ,  Palau |
Kanji Hiragana Katakana |
|
This page is about Japanese auxiliary verbs. Auxiliary verbs are those attached the end of the verb in Japanese. In Japanese, mostly commonly, the auxiliary is attached to the end of the plain form verb (in any tense, usually present or past) or the verb stem. These forms are extremely useful in increasing the functionality of the verbs you use.
Contents |
Plain Form Auxiliaries
Just / ばっかり
ばっかり / bakkari (or sometimes ばかり / bakari) is the auxiliary verb attached the end of the plain past form of the verb. It expresses constructs meaning "have only just ..." or "just now (I did) ..." etc.
Examples:
- 今来たばっかりじゃないか。
ima kita bakkari janaika.
I thought you just got here. (literally:Did you not just come now)?
18歳になったばっかりね。
juu hassai ni natta bakkari ne.
You just turned 18 didn't you?
Intentions
In Japanese there are two ways of stating intentions. They are the use of つもり / tsumori and 予定 / yotei. The difference between the two is sometimes hard to pick out. But it is quite easy when you take a look at the examples and notes below.
Examples:
- 来年、日本語を勉強するつもりです。
rainen, nihongo wo benkyou suru-tsumori desu.
Next year I intend to study Japanese.
来年、日本語を勉強する予定です。
rainen, nihongo wo benkyou suru-yotei desu.
Next year I plan to study Japanese.
Examples:
- 車を買うつもりです。
kuruma wo kau-tsumori desu.
I intend on buying a car.
車を買う予定です。
kuruma wo kau-yotei desu.
I plan on buying a car.
- つもり / tsumori is an intention you have not necessarily done anything about, or made any definite plans to do (and may not happen), whereas:
- 予定 / yotei is an intention or definite plan which is in the works and most likely going to happen (unless something gets in the way).
Verb Stems
These forms use the verb stem. The verb stem is the stem of the verb formed from the Masu form by dropping the -masu ending.
Want to / 〜たい
The way to express I want to ... in Japanese, is through the use of the auxiliary 〜たい / -tai.
Examples:
- 高校を卒業してから、先生になりたい。
koukou wo sotsugyou shite kara, sensei-ni nari-tai.
After I graduate from high school, I want to be/become a teacher.
日本語を話してみたいから、この会議に来た。
nihongo wo hanashite-mi-tai kara, kono kaigi ni kita.
I want to try speaking Japanese, so I came to this meeting.
The auxiliary 〜たい / -tai can conjugate like any normal I-Adjective.
Examples:
- 吸いたかった
suitakatta.
I wanted to smoke.
吸いたくない。
suitakunai.
I don't want to smoke.
吸いたくなかった。
suitakunakatta.
I didn't want to smoke.
吸いたくなかったら。
suitakunakattara.
If you want to smoke...
吸いたくないのなら。
suitakunainonara.
If you want to smoke...
The above forms can be applied to any 〜たい / -tai auxiliary verbs.
Way of / How to / 〜方
〜方 or -kata is an auxiliary verb in Japanese which shows a way of doing something.
Examples:
- コピアの使い方を教えていただきますか。
kopia no tsukaikata wo oshiete itadakimasuka.
Could you please show me how to use the copier?
すみません、この漢字の読み方が分からないんですけど。
sumimasen, kono kanji no yomikata ga wakaranain desu kedo.
Excuse me, I don't know how to read this Kanji so... (implied: Could you help me please?)
While 〜ながら
When you want to express that something happens while another thing is happening you use 〜ながら / -nagara. Usually you add ~ながら to the stem of the verb that indicates an action less important than the action of the other verb.
Examples:
- 音楽を聞きながら勉強します
ongaku wo kiki-nagara benkyoushimasu.
I study while I listen to music.
| Japanese pages
|
|---|
| Introduction · Adjectives （形容詞） · Auxiliaries （助辞） · Emphatics （語尾） · Euphony （音便） · Kana （仮名） · Kanji （漢字）: Comparisons (漢字の比べ） · Loanwords （伝来語） · Numbers （数詞） · Te Form （テ形） · Time (時間） · Particles （助詞） · Verbs （動詞）: Example （動詞の例） · Lexicon |
