Germanic

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The Germanic family is a subfamily of the Indo-European family. Members of this language family are the official languages of several different countries. There are also several lesser-known languages in other countries.

Traditionally, these languages tended towards being inflecting languages. Some of the more traditional languages have preserved this while others have started to become more isolating. These languages used to have dual number also, but most languages have since dropped it and some have merged the dual forms with the plural forms. Some languages in this family, such as English, have had a lot of influence from other language families so are much more deviant than other languages, though certain cognates whose meanings have been slightly modified can still be found.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns are usually somewhat similar between these languages.

Comparison of Personal Pronouns
West Germanic North Germanic
English Old English German Afrikaans Dutch יִדיש (Yiddish) Icelandic Faroese Norwegian B Norwegian N Swedish Danish
1st person singular I ic ich ek ik איך (ikh) ég eg jeg eg jag jeg
2nd person singular thou/you þu du jy je/jij דו (du) þú du du du du
3rd person singular M he er hy hij ער (er) hann hann han han han han
3rd person singular F she hēo sie sy zij/ze זי (zi) hún hon hun ho hon hun
3rd person singular N it hit es dit het עס (es) það tað det det det det
3rd person singular C den den den
1st person dual - wit - - - - vér* - - -
2nd person dual - git - - - - þér* - - -
1st person plural we wir ons wij/we מיר (mir) við/vér vit vi vi vi vi
2nd person plural you ihr julle jullie איר (ir) þið/þér tit dere de ni I
3rd person plural M they hīe sie hulle zij/ze זײ (zey) þeir teir de dei de de
3rd person plural F þær tær
3rd person plural N þau tey

Inflected forms

Comparison of Inflected Pronouns
West Germanic North Germanic
English Old English German Afrikaans Dutch יִדיש (Yiddish) Icelandic Faroese Norwegian B Norwegian N Swedish Danish
1st person singular acc me mec mich ‫מיך‬ ( mikh) meg meg mig mig
1st person singular dat me mir ‫מיר‬ (mir) mér mær mig
1st person singular gen mine mīn meiner מײַן (mayn) mín mín min, mit
2nd person singular acc thee/you þec dich ‫דיך‬ (dikh) þig teg dig dig
2nd person singular dat thee/you þē dir ‫דיר‬(dir) þér tær dig
2nd person singular gen thine/yours þīn deiner דײַן (dayn) þín tín - din, dit
3rd person singular acc M him hine ihn אים‬‫‬ (im) hann hann honom ham
3rd person singular acc F her sie ‫זי‬‫‬ (zi) hana hana henne hende
3rd person singular acc N it es það tað det den, det
3rd person singular dat M him him ihm אים‬‫‬ (im) honum honum honom ham
3rd person singular dat F her ihr ‫איר‬‫‬ (ir) henni henni henne hende
3rd person singular dat N it ihm því det den, det
3rd person singular gen M his his seiner זײַן (zayn) hans hansara hans hans
3rd person singular gen F hers ihrer איר (ir) hennar hennara hennes hendes
3rd person singular gen N its seiner þess tess dess dens, dets
1st person dual acc - uncit - - oss* - - -
1st person dual dat - unc - - oss* - - -
1st person dual gen - uncer - - vor* - - -
2nd person dual acc - incit - - yður* - - -
2nd person dual dat - inc - - yður* - - -
2nd person dual gen - incer - yðar* - - -
1st person plural acc us ūsic uns ‫אונדז‬ (undz) okkur okkum oss os
1st person plural dat us ūs uns ‫אונדז‬ (undz) okkur okkum oss
1st person plural gen ours ūser, ūre unser ‫אונדז‬ער (undzer) okkar okkara - vores, vor
2nd person plural acc you ēowic euch אײַך (aykh) ykkur tykkum er jer
2nd person plural dat you ēow euch אײַך (aykh) ykkur tykkum er jer
2nd person plural gen yours ēower euer אײַערע (ayere) ykkar tykkar - jeres
3rd person plural acc M them hīe sie זײ (zey) þá teir dem dem
3rd person plural acc F þær tær
3rd person plural acc N þau tey
3rd person plural dat M him, heom ihnen  ?  ?  ? þeim teir
3rd person plural dat F teimum
3rd person plural dat N teirra
3rd person plural gen M theirs hira, hiera ihrer  ?  ? זײערע (zeyere) þeirra teir deras deres
3rd person plural gen F teirra
3rd person plural gen N tey

Numbers

There are also similarities in the numerals. Comparison of Numbers:

Comparison of Numbers
West Germanic North Germanic
English Old English German יִדיש (Yiddish) Dutch Afrikaans W Frisian Icelandic Faroese Norwegian B Norwegian N Swedish Danish
1 one ān eins איין (eyn) een een ien einn ein/ein/eitt Én/ei/ett éin/éi/eitt en, ett en, et
2 two twēġen, twā zwei צוויי (tsvey) twee twee twa tveir tveir/tvær/tvey to to två to
3 three þrīe, þrēo drei דרײַ (dray) drie drie trije þrír tríggir/tríggjar/trý tre tre (tri) tre tre
4 four fēower vier פֿיר (fir) vier vier fjouwer fjórir fýra fire fire fyra fire
5 five fīf fünf פֿינעף (finef) vijf vyf fiif fimm fimm fem fem fem fem
6 six siex sechs זעקס (zeks) zes ses seis sex seks seks seks sex seks
7 seven seofon sieben זיבן (zibn) zeven sewe sân sjö sjey syv/sju sju sju syv
8 eight eahta acht אַכט (akht) acht ag acht átta átta åtti åtte åtta otte
9 nine nigon neun נײַן (nayn) negen nege njoggen níu níggju ni ni nio ni
10 ten tīen zehn צען (tsen) tien tien tsien tíu tíggju ti ti tio ti
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