From WikiLang

This page lists a comparison of languages. For a key, see below.

Grammatical Comparison

Language	Script	Cases	Articles	"Genders" (Noun classes)	Adjective Agreement	Adjective Degrees	Verbal System
Afrikaans Afrikaans Afrikaans Family Sub-family Language of Script Indo-European West Germanic South Africa Namibia Latin	Latin	0	2 (Def., Indef.)	No	Yes	2 (?)	Fusional
Ancient Greek	Polytonic Greek	5 (Nom., Gen., Dat., Acc., Voc.) +1 Loc. with some nouns	1 (Def.) pref.	3 (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)	Yes (Gender, Case, Number)	3 (Plain, Comparative, Superlative)	?
Arabic, Egyptian	Arabic	0	1 (Def.) pref.	2 (Masc. and Fem.)	Yes (Definiteness, Gender, Number)	2 (Plain, Elative)	Fusional
Arabic, Standard العربية Arabic Family Sub-family Language of Script Afro-Asiatic Central Semitic Saudi Arabia, Syria, and 23 other countries. United Nations عربي Arabic	Arabic	3 (Nom., Acc., Gen.)	1 (Def.) pref.	2 (Masc. and Fem.)	Yes (Definiteness, Gender, Number, Case)	2 (Plain, Elative)	Fusional
Chinese, Mandarin 中文 Chinese Family Sub-family Language of Script Sino-Tibetan Sinitic China, Singapore, Taiwan, United Nations 汉字/漢字 Hànzì (Traditional and Simplified)	Hanzi	0	0	No	No	1	Isolative
English English English Family Sub-family Language of Script Indo-European West Germanic USA, Canada United Kingdom , Australia New Zealand, South Africa Plus countless other countries. United Nations European Union Latin	Latin	2 (Nom., Gen.); +1 (Pron. Acc.)	2 (Def., Indef.) prep.	No	No	3 (Plain, Comparative, Superlative)	Fusional
Esperanto Esperanto Esperanto Family Sub-family Language of Script Constructed Posteriori Planet Earth Latin	Latin	2 (Nom., Acc.)	1 (Def) prep.	No	Yes (Case, number)	1	Agglutinative
Estonian Eesti Keel Estonian Family Sub-family Language of Script Finno-Ugric Baltic-Finnic Estonia European Union Extended Latin	Latin	14 (Nom, Gen, Ptv, Ill, Ine, Ela, All, Ade, Abl, Tra, Ter, Ess, Abe, Com)	0	No	Yes (Case, Number)	3	Agglutinative
French Français French Family Sub-family Language of Script Indo-European Italic France, Canada Belgium, Switzerland United Nations European Union Latin	Latin	0; +3 (Pron. Acc., Dat., Disj.)	9 (Def., Indef., Part., Masc./Fem./Plur.).	2 (Masc. and Fem.)	Yes (Gender, Number)	1	Fusional
German Deutsch German Family Sub-family Language of Script Indo-European West Germanic Germany , Austria , Switzerland Extended Latin	Latin	4 (Nom., Acc., Dat., Gen.)	2 (Def. & Indef.) prep.	3	Yes (Gender, Number)	1	Fusional
Hungarian Magyar Hungarian Family Sub-family Language of Script Finno-Ugric Ugric Official language in: Hungary , European Union Regional or Minority language in: Austria , Croatia , Romania , Serbia , Slovakia , Slovenia , Ukraine Latin alphabet (Hungarian adaption)	Latin	42± noun endings (usually no more than 2 at once)	2 (def & indef)	No	No (Predicative adjectives agree in number)	4	Agglutinative
Icelandic Íslenska Icelandic Family Sub-family Language of Script Indo-European Germanic Iceland Extended Latin	Latin	4 (Nom., Acc., Dat., Gen.)	0	3	?	?	Fusional
Japanese 日本語 Japanese Family Sub-family Language of Script Japonic Japanese Japan , Palau Kanji Hiragana Katakana	Hiragana, Katakana & Kanji	01	0	No	No	1 (But they can conjugate as verbs)	Agglutinative
Korean 한 국 어 Korean Family Sub-family Language of Script Japonic Korean Korea 한 글 hangeul 한 자 (漢字) hanja	Hangeul	01	0	No	No	1 (But they can conjugate as verbs)	Agglutinative
Latin LINGVALATINA Latin Family Sub-family Language of Script Indo-european Italic Vatican City, Ancient Rome Latin	Latin	6 (Nom., Gen., Acc., Abl., Dat., Voc.) + 1(Loc.) with special nouns	0	3 (Masc., Fem. & Neuter)	Yes (Number, Gender, Case)	3 (Plain, Comparative, Superlative)	Fusional
Norfuk Norfuk Norfuk Family Sub-family Language of Script Creole English Creole Norfolk Island Latin	Latin	0	0	No	No	1	?
Pitkern Pitkern Pitkern Family Sub-family Language of Script Creole English Creole Pitcairn Island Latin	Latin	0	0	No	No	1	?
Polish Język polski Polish Family Sub-family Language of Script Indo-European West Slavic Poland, European Union Minority In: Czech Rep. , Slovakia Romania, Ukraine Extended Latin	Latin	7 (Nom., Acc., Dat., Gen., Instr., Loc., Voc.)	0	5	Yes (Case, Gender, Number)	3	Fusional
Portuguese Português Portuguese Family Sub-family Language of Script Indo-European Italic Portugal, Brazil and a number of other countries. Extended Latin	Latin	0; +3 (Pron. Acc., Dat., Disj.)	8 (Def./Indef., Masc./Fem., Sing./Plur.) prep.	2 (Masc. and Fem.)	Yes (Gender, Number)	3 (Plain, Comparative, Superlative)	Fusional
Russian Русский язык Russian Family Sub-family Language of Script Indo-European East Slavic Russia, Ukraine, Belarus Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova United Nations Cyrillic	Cyrillic	6 (Nom., Acc., Dat., Gen., Instr., Loc.)	0	3	Yes (Case, Gender, Number)	3	Fusional
Spanish Español Spanish Family Sub-family Language of Script Indo-European Italic Spain, Mexico, and 19 other countries. United Nations European Union Latin	Latin	0; +3 (Pron. Acc., Dat., Disj.)	8 (Def./Indef., Masc./Fem., Sing./Plur.) prep.	2 (Masc. and Fem.)	Yes (Gender, Number)	3 (Plain, Comparative, Superlative)	Fusional
Swedish Svenska Swedish Family Sub-family Language of Script Indo-European Northern Germanic Sweden , Finland Extended Latin	Latin	2 (Nom., Gen.); +1 (Pron. Acc.)	2 (Def. & Indef.) indef.: prep.; def.: suff.	2 (Common & Neuter)	Yes (Number, Gender, Definiteness)	3	Fusional
Tok Pisin Tok Pisin Tok Pisin Family Sub-family Language of Script Creole English Creole Papua New Guinea Latin	Latin	0	0	No	No	1	?
Ukrainian Українська мова Ukrainian Family Sub-family Language of Script Indo-European East Slavic Ukraine Minority In: Croatia, Romania, Poland, Slovakia Serbia, Canada Cyrillic	Cyrillic	7 (Nom., Acc., Dat., Gen., Instr., Loc., Voc.)	0	3	Yes (Case, Gender, Number)	4	Fusional

Demographic Comparison

Language	Major Dialects	L1 (M)	L2 (M)	Total	L2 ratio
English	?	309–400	199–1,400	500–1,800	0.6-3.5
French	?	200	300	500	1.66..
German	?	120	80	200	0.66..
Icelandic	1	0.3	0	0.3	0
Polish	?	?	?	40
Swahili	?	5-10	40-45	50	4.5-8

Notes

• 1: Japanese and Korean do not have any real cases, but moreso, particles (post-positioned) are attached to the noun.

Key

Abe. - Abessive (case)
Abl. - Ablative (case)
Acc. - Accusative (case)
Ade. - Adessive (case)
All. - Allative (case)
Com. - Comitative (case)
Def. - Definite (article)
Disj. - Disjunctive (pronoun)
Ela. - Elative (case)
Ess. - Essive. (case)
Fem. - Feminine ("gender", noun class)
Gen. - Genitive (case)
Ill. - Illative (case)
Ine. - Inessive (case)
Indef. - Indefinite (article)
Instr. - Instrumental (case)
Loc. - Locative (case)
Masc. - Masculine ("gender", noun class)
Nom. - Nominative (case)
Obs. - Obsolete
Plur. - Plural (number)
Pref. - Prefix
Prep. - Preposition
Pron. - Pronoun
Ptv. - Partitive (case)
Sing. - Singular (number)
Suff. - Suffix
Ter. - Terminative (case)
Tra. - Translative (case)
Voc. - Vocative (case)

See Also

• Difficulty
• Main Page