Cherokee:Vocab

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ᏣᎳᎩ Cherokee
Family	Sub-family	Language of	Script
Iroquoian	Southern Iroquoian	ᎣᏔᎵ (Otali Cherokee)	Unicode Cherokee

Vocabulary listing of the verb base -hv-

-hv-

Examples of -hv- with a variety of prefixes and suffixes with translations.

Sat down, put down
ᏥᎲᎦ	tsihvga
(1sS > 3sO) - hvg - Imp
I just sat it down.
ᏕᏣᏅᎢ	detsahnvi
3pO < 2sS - hn - Ps
You put them down.
ᏘᏂ	tihni
Fus + (2sS > 3sO) - hn - Fus
You will set it down (at a specific time).
ᏙᏘᏂ	dotihni
Fus + 3pO < 2sS - hn - Fus
You will put them down (at a specific time).
ᎯᎧᏅᎢ	hikahnvi
(3sS > 2sO) - Live - hn - Ps / (2sS > 3sO) - Live - hn -Fui
He sat you down. / You will put it down!
ᎠᎩᎧᎲᎦ	agikahvga
(3sS > 1sO) - Live - hvg - Imp
He just sat me down.
ᎠᎩᎧᏅᎢ	agikahnvi
(1sS > 3sO) - Live - hn - Ps
I sat him down. I put her down.
ᏣᏁᏁᎢ	tsanehnei
(2sS > 3sO) - Liq - hn - Ps(wpk)
You put it down.
ᏕᏣᏅᏁᏍ	detsanvhnes
3pO < 2sS - Flex - hn - Ps(wpk) - Inq
Did you put it down?
ᏓᏂᎲᏍᎨᏍᏗᏍᎪᎲ?	danihvsgesdisgohv?
3pO < 3pS - hvsg - Fu - But
But will they put them down?
ᏙᏛᏂᏅᏂᏊᏍ?	dodvninvhnigwus?da+de becomes doda-, and a+a yields v, so therefore da+de+ani becomes dodvni.
Fus + 3pO + 3pS + Flex + hn + Fus - (Just/only) + Inq
Will they just set them down? (at a specific time)

-hv- + Benefactive

Give, hand, pass
ᏍᎩᎧᏏ	sgikasi
(2sS > 1sO) - Live - Ben - Imp
Give me it. (Living object)
ᏣᏅᏁᎸᎢ	tsanvhnelvi
(2sS > 3sO) - Flex - hn - Ben - Ps
You gave him (a flexible object)
ᎢᏨᏁᏁᏗ	itsvnehnehdi
(1sS > 2pO) - liq - hn - Ben - Inf
I to give you (3 or more) (a liquid object)
ᏓᏍᎩᎧᏏᎨ	dasgikasike
Here - (2sS > 1sO) - Live - Ben - Imp - Inq
Will you bring him to me?

Phrases

Phrases
ᎾᏍ ᎪᏪᎵ ᏣᏥ ᏫᏣᏅᏁᎸ?	Nas gohweli tsatsi witsanvhnelv?
Did you send that letter to your mom?

How to read

Symbols:

+ Represents a modified set of prefixes.

Fus + 2sS (The future specific prefix + 2nd person singular subject are modified)

> (S > O) Single verb prefix.

1sS > 2sO - woni - Ben - Pr

I am speaking to you.

< (O < S) Verb prefixes in order.

3pO < 2dS - hvsg - Pr

You are putting them down.

Pronouns:

1, 2, 3 first, second, third person pronouns.

i, e Inclusive, Exclusive

d, p Dual, Plural

n, a Inanimate, animate

O, S, ₂ Object, Subject, Secondary Object.

Classifiers:

Liq Liquid

Long Long

Ind Indefinite shape

Flex Flexible object

Live Live object

Tenses:

Fu Future tense

Fui Future Imparative

Fus Future Specific

Hab Habitual

Inf Infinitive

Imp Imparative

Pps Progressive past tense

Pr Present tense

Ps Past tense

Ps(wpk) Reportative past tense

Prefixes:

Here Towards speaker

There Not facing speaker, not in sight, away from speaker

Distant Out of sight, Over the horizon.

Suffixes:

Ben Benefactive

Inquisitives:

Inq Basic inquisitive marking a word/sentence a question.

But But?

And And how about? and what about?

1s, 2s, 3s, Op, Sp, Ps, Pr, Fu, FuS, Imp

Notes

One may notice that -hv- becomes -hn-, -v-, or is dropped completely, as in the word sgikasi (give me the live thing). This is a common ocurrance for most words that end with -hvsga in the present tense.

alsdayvhvsga, He is having a meal.

adehyohvsga, He is teaching him.

ahvsga, He is setting it down.

ulsdayvhnvi, He had a meal

udehyohnvi, He taught him.

uhnvi, He put it down.

In the words sgikasi, sginevsi, etc. -si is a modified variant of the benefactive suffix used with the imparative suffix -a

hiyosea, You are telling him.

hiyosi, Tell him! (Benefactive -e- + imparative -a becomes -si)

hinehnea, You are giving him a liquid object.

hinevsi, Give him the liquid object! (The h is dropped from -hv-, plus the benefactive and imparative suffix -hv+e+a becomes -vsi).

By viewing this word and all the different variations of it, one can see the base is -hn- in the past and infinitive tenses; -hvsg- in the present, habitual, and past progressive tenses; -hvg- in the imparative.

Also, since the benefactive is used with the past tense forms of verbs, such that with the verb -hv- which becomes -hn- in the past tense, therefore -hn- could be thought of as becoming -hsi when the imparative tense is used.

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