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Cherokee |
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| Iroquoian | Southern Iroquoian |  ᎣᏔᎵ (Otali Cherokee) |
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There are many suffixes in Cherokee that modify either the time an act took place (tenses), if the act was performed with some kind of tool, and many other kinds of prefixes.
-dan-
If some tool, utensil, or object was used to perform an act, then this suffix is added to the verb.
ᎤᏬᏪᎶᏓᏅᎢ. uwohwelodanvi. He used it to write with. (Such as one writing with a pencil).
ᏗᎪᏪᎶᏙᏗ. digohwelodohdi. Pencil, Pen (To use for the purpose of writing).
ᏗᎪᏪᎶᏙᏗdigohwelodohdi ᎰᏪᎶᏓhohweloda. Write with a pencil!
In another dialect, this suffix would be -dol-, so these words would be uwohwelodolvi (He used it to write with), digohwelodohdi hohwelodola.
-el-
The benefactive suffix can translate to "to" or "for".
ᏥᏬᏂᏎᎠ. tsiwonisea. I am speaking to him. ᏥᎧᏁᎸᎢ. tsikahnelvi. She gave me it.
-el- undergoes three transformations depending on the tense used.
In the past tense, the -l- is retained. In the infinitive, -l- is replaced with an intrusive -h-. In the imparative consonant + el- is completely dropped and -si- is used. In all other tenses, -e- is used either with a glottal stop or an -h- after it.
- ᎦᏬᏂᏎᎠ. gawonisea. He is speaking to him. (-s- is used with this verb in the past tense, and -e- is added to it, light glottal stop after -e-).
- ᎠᎾᏓᏬᏂᏎᎰᎢ. anadawonisehoi. They are always speaking together. (Glottal stop replaced with -h-).
- ᏍᎩᏁᏁᎠ. sginehnea. You are giving me the liquid object.
- ᏍᎩᏁᎥᏏ. sginevsi. Give me it.
- In sginevsi, you can imagine that -hn- from sginehnea becomes -hvn- and the -h- is glottalized, the -n- then is replaced with the benefactive in the imparative tense with -si.
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