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Arabic |
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| Afro-Asiatic | Central Semitic |  Saudi Arabia,  Syria,and 23 other countries.  United Nations |
عربي Arabic | |
Arabic pronouns are included in the noun category, and therefore have the same traits as nouns do: case, gender, number.
Contents |
Implied Pronouns
Because Arabic is a pro-drop language, it can define a subject within the verb conjugation without having it written. So, that subject pronoun can be left out. This is also known as an ellipsis and in Arabic this pronoun is referred to as ضمير مستتر.
Ex. ذهب إلى المدرسة (he went to school)
If you align a word for word translation under that example, you would have: went (he) to school. The "he" in Arabic isn't actually there, but it's implied. Depending on the verb, the following can be implied: he, she, we, I, you.
The following table will show you examples of these implied pronouns in all three verbs: past, present, and imperative. Remember that the pronouns aren't actually there, so whatever is in the brackets is implied.
| Past | Present | Imperative |
|---|---|---|
| (ذهب (هو | (يذهب (هو | (اذهب (أنت |
| (ذهبت (هي | (تذهب (هي | |
| (أذهب (أنا | ||
| (نذهب (نحن | ||
| (تذهب (أنت |
Pronouns
The actual written pronouns are further separated into two groups, each with two sets:
Separate Pronouns
These pronouns are whole words that are written independently. They are called الضمائر المنفصلة.
Subject Pronouns
This set, as the name implies, refer to the subject of a verb.
| Pronoun | Translation | Voice |
|---|---|---|
| أنا | I | 1st Person singular |
| نحن | We | 1st Person dual/plural |
| َأنت | You (masculine) | 2nd Person singular |
| أنتِ | You (feminine) | 2nd Person singular |
| أنتما | You | 2nd Person dual |
| أنتم | You (masculine) | 2nd Person plural |
| أنتنّ | You (feminine) | 2nd Person plural |
| هو | He | 3rd Person singular |
| هي | She | 3rd Person singular |
| هـما | They | 3rd Person dual |
| هـم | They (masculine) | 3rd Person plural |
| هـنّ | They (feminine) | 3rd Person plural |
Note that the letters in read are dual/masculine plural/feminine plural markers.
Object Pronouns
| Pronoun | Translation | Voice |
|---|---|---|
| إيايَ | Me | 1st Person singular |
| إيانا | Us | 1st Person dual/plural |
| إياكَ | You (masculine) | 2nd Person singular |
| إياكِ | You (feminine) | 2nd Person singular |
| إياكما | You | 2nd Person dual |
| إياكم | You (masculine) | 2nd Person plural |
| إيّاكنّ | You (feminine) | 2nd Person plural |
| إيّاه | Him | 3rd Person singular |
| إيّاها | Her | 3rd Person singular |
| إيّاهما | Them | 3rd Person dual |
| إيّاهم | They (masculine) | 3rd Person plural |
| إيّاهنّ | They (feminine) | 3rd Person plural |
Again, the letters in red are markers. ي is a 1st person singular marker, نا is a 1st person dual/plural marker, all ك are 2nd person markers, and all ه are 3rd person markers. ما is a dual marker, م is a plural masculine one, and نّ is a plural feminine marker.
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